Smart Contracts
Penverse leverages the Solana blockchain to enable scalable, high-speed, and low-cost transactions for decentralized science (DeSci). By integrating Solana's high-performance blockchain, Penverse ensures secure, transparent, and immutable data storage while supporting AI-powered research automation, decentralized governance, and research monetization.
Why Solana for Penverse?
Solana provides the following advantages:
High Throughput – 65,000 transactions per second (TPS), enabling efficient research operations.
Low Fees – Cost-effective storage and computation for decentralized research.
Scalability – Handles large-scale research data and AI-driven computations.
Fast Finality – Ensures rapid validation of transactions for seamless DeSci processes.
Security & Transparency – On-chain verification for research authenticity and governance.
On-Chain Data Storage & Transactions
Penverse utilizes Solana’s blockchain infrastructure to store and verify critical research and governance data.
1. Research Data & Experiment Tracking
Immutable storage of research contributions with timestamping.
NFT-backed research assets for ownership verification.
Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) for privacy-preserving research validation.
2. DAO Governance & Voting
On-chain proposal submissions and voting using PENSO tokens.
Transparent execution of research funding and grants.
Automated governance mechanisms through smart contracts.
3. Research Marketplace & Monetization
Smart contract-based licensing and revenue distribution.
Fractional ownership of datasets and AI models via NFTs.
Encrypted data sharing through Multi-Party Computation (MPC).
4. Staking & Token Utility
PENSO token staking for governance participation.
Yield rewards for research contributors and AI computing resources.
Subscription payments and premium access to AI-powered research tools.
Penverse SPL Smart Contracts
Penverse implements multiple Solana Program Library (SPL) smart contracts to manage research funding, AI compute transactions, and decentralized governance.
SPL Contracts in Penverse
Contract Name
Functionality
Research NFT Contract
Tokenizes research papers, datasets, and AI models as NFTs for monetization and ownership verification.
DAO Governance Contract
Enables decentralized decision-making, proposal voting, and fund allocation through PENSO staking.
Funding Smart Contract
Automates milestone-based disbursement of research grants using smart contracts.
Staking & Rewards Contract
Manages PENSO staking for governance, AI-powered services, and research rewards.
Marketplace Escrow Contract
Ensures secure peer-to-peer transactions for buying/selling research assets in the Penverse marketplace.
User Flow: Research Submission & Monetization
Step 1: Research Submission
Researcher submits work to Penverse Research Registry.
AI Agents validate the content for originality and scientific accuracy.
Work is tokenized as an NFT and stored on Solana.
Step 2: Peer Review & Validation
AI-Assisted Peer Review Agent scans for plagiarism and verifies data authenticity.
DAO members vote on the research quality and grant eligibility.
Approved research receives on-chain reputation scores.
Step 3: Monetization & Access
Research is listed in the Penverse Marketplace.
Researchers set pricing (one-time purchase, subscription, or licensing).
Transactions occur via Solana SPL contracts ensuring fair revenue sharing.
Step 4: Continuous Funding & Staking
Researchers can stake PENSO tokens to access AI-powered enhancements.
Long-term contributions earn governance voting power and additional staking rewards.
Example: Research Publication Lifecycle on Solana
Stage
On-Chain Data Stored
Smart Contract Used
Research Submission
Research metadata, contributor details, timestamp
Research NFT Contract
Peer Review
Review results, reputation scores, plagiarism check
DAO Governance Contract
Approval & Funding
Grant allocation, milestone tracking
Funding Smart Contract
Monetization
Purchase records, licensing agreements
Marketplace Escrow Contract
Staking & Rewards
Staking deposits, reward distribution
Staking & Rewards Contract
Security & Data Integrity
To ensure transparency, reproducibility, and security, Penverse integrates advanced cryptographic techniques with Solana’s blockchain:
Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP): Ensures anonymous, verifiable peer reviews.
Multi-Party Computation (MPC): Allows privacy-preserving research collaborations.
Decentralized Identity (DID): Verifies researcher credentials without exposing personal data.
Time-Locked Smart Contracts: Prevents premature fund withdrawals from research grants.
On-Chain Interactions & Transactions
Penverse relies on Solana’s high-speed blockchain to facilitate various on-chain interactions, ensuring low-cost, secure, and efficient decentralized research operations.
Types of On-Chain Transactions
Transaction Type
Description
Average Fee (SOL)
Research NFT Minting
Tokenizing research data as NFTs for ownership verification.
0.0005 SOL
DAO Proposal Submission
Creating a governance proposal for research funding or policy changes.
0.0002 SOL
Voting on DAO Proposals
Casting votes on funding decisions and governance updates.
0.0001 SOL per vote
Staking PENSO Tokens
Locking PENSO tokens to gain governance power and staking rewards.
0.0003 SOL
Research Grant Disbursement
Funding released to researchers in milestone-based payments.
0.0004 SOL
Marketplace Transactions
Buying, selling, or licensing research assets and datasets.
0.0005 SOL
Solana Smart Contracts & Execution Model
Penverse utilizes SPL smart contracts to automate critical functions such as funding, governance, and data transactions. Each contract runs on Solana’s high-speed, cost-efficient blockchain infrastructure.
Smart Contract Execution Flow
User Initiates Transaction – A researcher submits a paper for review, a DAO member votes, or a funding request is made.
Transaction is Verified On-Chain – The smart contract checks conditions like eligibility, milestones, and voting thresholds.
Execution via Smart Contract – If conditions are met, the contract automatically releases funds, records votes, or executes ownership transfers.
Immutable Storage & Auditability – The transaction is permanently recorded on Solana’s ledger, ensuring transparency and auditability.
Example Flow: Research Funding Approval
Researcher submits a funding proposal via the DAO.
DAO members vote on the proposal using PENSO tokens.
The Funding Smart Contract verifies on-chain governance results.
Upon approval, funds are released in milestones to the researcher’s wallet.
Research outcomes are submitted and validated on-chain before the next tranche is disbursed.
Gas Fees & Cost Efficiency
One of the key reasons for choosing Solana is its ultra-low transaction fees, making it cost-effective for frequent research-related interactions.
How Fees Are Managed in Penverse
Minimized Cost for Users – DAO governance and research contributions incur negligible fees.
Gas-Free User Experience – Key research-related actions are subsidized using ecosystem incentives.
Batch Transactions for Efficiency – Large-scale operations like research minting and peer review validation are executed in optimized batches to reduce on-chain costs.
Future Upgrades & Scalability
As Penverse grows, further optimizations and scalability enhancements will be implemented:
Layer-2 Scaling on Solana – To enable even faster microtransactions for research collaborations.
AI-Driven Transaction Optimization – Reducing computational load by intelligently batching high-frequency transactions.
Cross-Chain Research Integration – Allowing data interoperability with Ethereum, Polkadot, and other DeSci ecosystems.
Last updated